Reading time: 0 MinuteTHYROID’S Thyroiditis (Hashimoto’s, subacute) Hypothalamic or pituitary dysfunction Young (congenital hypothyroidism) Radiation (radiation therapy or radioactive iodine) Overdose of anti-thyroid medications Iodine deficiency/excess Drugs (lithium, amiodarone) Subacute thyroiditis
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Reading time: 0 MinuteMnemonic for common Movement disorders: It includes hyperkinetic disorders. “Tiny Cats Always Bring Delicious Myoclonic Taste” Tremor (hyperkinetic) – Tiny Chorea (hyperkinetic) – Cats Athetos is (hyperkinetic) – Always Ballismus (hyperkinetic) – Bring Dystonia (hyper/hypokinetic) – Delicious Myoclonus (hyperkinetic) – Myoclonic Tics (hyperkinetic) – Taste
Reading time: 0 Minute Mnemonic to remember the causes of hyponatremia along with their types: “4 D’s SIADH Can’t Handle Na (Sodium)“ 1. Hypovolemic Hyponatremia (“4 D’s”): Dehydration (e.g., excessive sweating, burns) Diuretics (e.g., thiazides) Diarrhea (e.g., GI losses) Drains (e.g., nasogastric suction) 2. Euvolemic Hyponatremia (“SIADH”): SIADH (Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone) Insufficient cortisol…
Reading time: 1 Minute80% brain parenchyma, 10% cerebrospinal fluid, and 10% blood. Average intracranial volume 1700 ml Average brain volume 1200-1400 ml The normal color of CSF Clear, Colorless Average CSF volume 70-160 ml (125 ml within the subarachnoid spaces 25 ml within the ventricles) Total CSF Secretion 400 to 600 ml per day…
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