RA MCQs-2025

Reading time: 0 MinuteMnemonic-  complications related to chronic liver disease, you can use: “H-E-A-P-S C-H-A-R-T” H – Hepatic encephalopathy E – Esophageal varices A – Ascites P – Portal hypertension S – Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) C – Coagulopathy (bleeding disorders) H– Hepatocellular carcinoma A– Anemia R – Renal failure (hepatorenal syndrome) T – Thrombocytopenia

Reading time: 0 Minute Mnemonic to remember the causes of hyponatremia along with their types: “4 D’s SIADH Can’t Handle Na (Sodium)“ 1. Hypovolemic Hyponatremia (“4 D’s”): Dehydration (e.g., excessive sweating, burns) Diuretics (e.g., thiazides) Diarrhea (e.g., GI losses) Drains (e.g., nasogastric suction) 2. Euvolemic Hyponatremia (“SIADH”): SIADH (Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone) Insufficient cortisol…