Mnemonic to remember the causes of hyponatremia along with their types: “4 D’s SIADH Can’t Handle Na (Sodium)“ 1. Hypovolemic Hyponatremia (“4 D’s”): Dehydration (e.g., excessive sweating, burns) Diuretics (e.g., thiazides) Diarrhea (e.g., GI losses) Drains (e.g., nasogastric suction) 2. Euvolemic Hyponatremia (“SIADH”): SIADH (Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone) Insufficient cortisol (Adrenal insufficiency) Addison’s disease…
Mnemonic- complications related to chronic liver disease, you can use: “H-E-A-P-S C-H-A-R-T” H – Hepatic encephalopathy E – Esophageal varices A – Ascites P – Portal hypertension S – Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) C – Coagulopathy (bleeding disorders) H– Hepatocellular carcinoma A– Anemia R – Renal failure (hepatorenal syndrome) T – Thrombocytopenia
Cerebellar signs Mnemonic is DANISH: Dysdiadochokinesia or dysmetria Ataxia Nystagmus Intention tremor Speech (slurred or scanning) Hypotonia
Mnemonic For Causes of CKD DIABETES (focuses on major causes): D -Diabetes (mellitus) I – Interstitial nephritis A – Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) B – Blood pressure (Hypertension) E – Exposure to toxins (Nephrotoxins) T – Tubulointerstitial diseases E– Excessive protein intake S -Streptococcal infections (leading to glomerulonephritis)
Two CHIMPANZEES: This one is a bit longer but quite comprehensive. T- Thyroid (Hyper) C – Calcium supplementation H – Hyperparathyroidism I – Iatrogenic (drugs like thiazides or lithium, or immobility) M – Milk-alkali syndrome P – Paget’s disease of bone A – Addison’s Disease (adrenal insufficiency) N – Neoplasia (cancers) Z – Zollinger-Ellison syndrome…
