Mnemonic for causes of Hyponatremia
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Mnemonic to remember the causes of hyponatremia along with their types:
“4 D’s SIADH Can’t Handle Na (Sodium)“
1. Hypovolemic Hyponatremia (“4 D’s”):
- Dehydration (e.g., excessive sweating, burns)
Diuretics (e.g., thiazides)
Diarrhea (e.g., GI losses)
Drains (e.g., nasogastric suction)
2. Euvolemic Hyponatremia (“SIADH”):
- SIADH (Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone)
Insufficient cortisol (Adrenal insufficiency)
Addison’s disease
Drugs (e.g., antidepressants, antipsychotics, carbamazepine)
Hypothyroidism
3. Hypervolemic Hyponatremia (“Can’t Handle Na[Sodium]”):
- CHF (Congestive Heart Failure)
Cirrhosis (Hepatic failure)
Nephrotic syndrome (kidney failure)