Causes of Virus-Induced Arthritis Mnemonic: “Pretty Red Hands Have Chikungunya’s Dreadful Hurts” P: Parvovirus B19 R: Rubella H: Hepatitis B H: Hepatitis C C: Chikungunya D: Dengue H: HIV Less Common Causes of Viral Arthritis Mnemonic: “Every Careful Zebra Makes Amazing Adventures Hunting Sindbis” E: Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) C: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Z: Zika Virus M:…

Mnemonic for common Movement disorders: It includes hyperkinetic disorders. “Tiny Cats Always Bring Delicious Myoclonic Taste” Tremor (hyperkinetic) – Tiny Chorea (hyperkinetic) – Cats Athetos is (hyperkinetic) – Always Ballismus (hyperkinetic) – Bring Dystonia (hyper/hypokinetic) – Delicious Myoclonus (hyperkinetic) – Myoclonic Tics (hyperkinetic) – Taste

Mnemonic to remember the causes of hyponatremia along with their types: “4 D’s SIADH Can’t Handle Na (Sodium)“ 1. Hypovolemic Hyponatremia (“4 D’s”): Dehydration (e.g., excessive sweating, burns) Diuretics (e.g., thiazides) Diarrhea (e.g., GI losses) Drains (e.g., nasogastric suction) 2. Euvolemic Hyponatremia (“SIADH”): SIADH (Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone) Insufficient cortisol (Adrenal insufficiency) Addison’s disease…

Mnemonic-  complications related to chronic liver disease, you can use: “H-E-A-P-S C-H-A-R-T” H – Hepatic encephalopathy E – Esophageal varices A – Ascites P – Portal hypertension S – Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) C – Coagulopathy (bleeding disorders) H– Hepatocellular carcinoma A– Anemia R – Renal failure (hepatorenal syndrome) T – Thrombocytopenia

Cerebellar signs Mnemonic is DANISH: Dysdiadochokinesia or dysmetria Ataxia Nystagmus Intention tremor Speech (slurred or scanning) Hypotonia

GRAVE HIM Graves’ disease Radiation (iodine-induced) Adenoma (toxic adenoma) Viral thyroiditis (subacute thyroiditis) Excess iodine (Jod-Basedow phenomenon) HCG (trophoblastic disease) Iodine-containing medications (amiodarone) Multinodular goiter (toxic multinodular goiter)

THYROID’S Thyroiditis (Hashimoto’s, subacute) Hypothalamic or pituitary dysfunction Young (congenital hypothyroidism) Radiation (radiation therapy or radioactive iodine) Overdose of anti-thyroid medications Iodine deficiency/excess Drugs (lithium, amiodarone) Subacute thyroiditis

Mnemonic For Causes of CKD   DIABETES (focuses on major causes): D -Diabetes (mellitus) I – Interstitial nephritis A – Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) B – Blood pressure (Hypertension) E – Exposure to toxins (Nephrotoxins) T – Tubulointerstitial diseases E– Excessive protein intake S -Streptococcal infections (leading to glomerulonephritis)